Social participation and physical frailty in hospitalized older adults: cross-sectional study
Participación social y estado de fragilidad física en adultos mayores hospitalizados: estudio transversal
Participação social e condição de fragilidade física em idosos hospitalizados: estudo transversal
Maria Helena Lenardt; Clovis Cechinel; João Alberto Martins Rodrigues; Maria Angélica Binotto; Kétlin Simões da Luz; Thalita Felsky dos Santos Sturm Antunes
Abstract
Objective: to analyze the relationship between social participation and physical frailty condition of hospitalized older adults.
Method: analytical cross-sectional study, developed in a public hospital in southern Brazil. Data collection took place from March to May 2023, using sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires, an activity inventory and physical frailty phenotype testing. Descriptive analyses, the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's multiple comparisons were used.
Results: of the 124 older people evaluated, 54.8% were male, 14.5% non-frail, 39.5% pre-frail, 46% frail. There was a growing increase in the status of non-frail, pre-frail and frail in the domains, never has contact with other people through letters or e-mail (22.2%; 40.8%; 61.4%), never provides assistance to other people (27.8%; 40.8%; 80.7%), never performs voluntary work (77.8%; 77.6%; 98.2%), never travels (33.3%; 53.1%; 84.2%), never goes out with people for leisure activities (16.7%; 28.6%; 56.1%), never participates in social activities (38.9%, 44.9%; 75.4%), never drives vehicles (66.7%, 63.3%; 94%).
Conclusion: older adults who never practice social participation activities are at greater risk of transitioning to physical frailty.
Implication for practice: the domains of social participation should be included in the care plan in the hospital context, as further support to prevent and/or reverse frailty in the older population.
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Resumo
Objetivo: analisar a relação entre a participação social e a condição de fragilidade física de idosos hospitalizados.
Método: estudo transversal analítico, desenvolvido em um hospital público no sul do Brasil. Utilizou-se questionários sociodemográficos e clínicos, inventário de atividades e testes do fenótipo de fragilidade. Empregaram-se análises descritivas, teste de Kruskal-Wallis e comparações múltiplas de Dunn.
Resultados: dos 124 idosos avaliados, 54,8% eram do sexo masculino, 46% casados, 14,5% não frágeis, 39,5% pré-frágeis, 46% frágeis. Houve aumento crescente da condição de não frágil, pré-frágil e frágil nos domínios, nunca tem contato por meio de cartas ou e-mail (22,2%; 40,8%; 61,4%), nunca presta assistência a outras pessoas (27,8%; 40,8%; 80,7%), nunca realiza trabalho voluntário (77,8%; 77,6%; 98,2%), nunca viaja (33,3%; 53,1%; 84,2%), nunca sai com pessoas para atividades de lazer (16,7%; 28,6%; 56,1%), nunca participa de atividades sociais (38,9%, 44,9%; 75,4%), nunca faz uso de computador e internet (50%, 55,1%; 86%) e nunca dirige veículos (66,7%, 63,3%; 94%).
Conclusão: idosos com menor participação social apresentam maior risco de transição para fragilidade física.
Implicações para a prática: os domínios de participação social devem ser incluídos no plano de cuidados no contexto hospitalar, como uma estratégia para prevenir e/ou reverter a condição de fragilidade em idosos.
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Referências
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Submetido em:
15/03/2024
Aceito em:
21/07/2024
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